Human History of Wildlands: Shifting Lots Preserve

Ellisville men set out with their boats for a day of sea mossing, circa 1969. Sea mossing was a rite of passage for many Ellisville teenagers. Photo courtesy of Roger Janson, via Friends of Ellisville Marsh.

By Skip Stuck, Wildlands Key Volunteer

You probably would not be reading this if you were not already familiar with Wildlands Trust, its mission, the properties it protects, and the value of wild places in Southeastern Massachusetts. 

Interestingly, where we live, "wild" does not mean untouched by human hands. Just as important as our region’s natural history—our wildlife, forests, seashores, rivers, and ponds—is its human history, crafted by the many hands that have touched and shaped this special place. In fact, there are few if any places in America that offer a richer human history than right here in Southeastern Massachusetts. 

Today, each of Wildlands’ wild places has had many other lives—as hunting grounds, farms, villages, and homes, stewarded, inhabited, and explored by diverse groups ranging from Native Americans to settlers from around the world. With a well-trained eye, much can be learned about these preserves’ natural and human history from their present-day landscapes—the plant and animal life, the geology, the relics of historic land use. But missing from this picture are many of the human stories that give these lands color and context. To this end, we at Wildlands hope to increase our understanding of the human history of the landscapes we protect. 

Following, you will find a brief history of one important property, Shifting Lots Preserve in the Ellisville village of Plymouth. This account is far from exhaustive; it is a living document that we will update as we receive more information from the community. This is the first of hopefully many entries in a series about the human history of Wildlands preserves. 

Al Marsh (lower right) and his father Percy Marsh (center) working with the lobster cars in Ellisville Marsh in the 1940s. Photo courtesy of the Marsh family, via Friends of Ellisville Marsh. Read more about Al’s story in his 2020 account, “Ellisville History,” linked in the “Learn More” section below.

We need your help! We will soon be reaching out to volunteer trail monitors, property abutters, local historians, and others to paint a more complete picture of our cherished lands’ storied pasts. If you have stories to share about a Wildlands preserve, please contact Communications Coordinator Thomas Patti at tpatti@wildlandstrust.org. 

Stay tuned...

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A Brief History of Ellisville harbor and Shifting Lots 

Ellisville Harbor has been coveted for many uses by many parties (human and otherwise) dating back to pre-colonial times. As a result, conflict is a recurring theme of the area’s history, with environmental degradation frequently among the collateral damage. Protection efforts by state, nonprofit, and volunteer groups over the past three decades have begun to restore the area to its original scenic and ecological beauty. 

1600s 

• For hundreds of years, the area was seasonally used by members of the Wampanoag tribe for shellfishing, farming, and hunting waterfowl. In the 1620s, Europeans arrived and settled the harbor area. 

• Ellisville Harbor was named after Lt. John Ellis, Commander of the Sandwich Militia, who was killed in King Philip's War. Also known as Harlow's Landing, Ellisville was the family's homestead for over 250 years. 

• Farmers and fishermen settled the natural harbor to grow salt hay, tend sheep and cattle, and harvest codfish, lobsters, and herring from the sea. 

• A natural spring that fed into the bay is still in use today. 

1700s and 1800s 

• Saltmarsh Lane was a main road north to Boston. A 1711 inn, now a private home, welcomed wayfarers including Henry David Thoreau. 

• Farming and fishing continued as the area became more settled. 

• For much of the 19th and 20th centuries, local fishing families also harvested Irish moss, a seaweed with uses in the production of toothpaste, yogurt, chocolate, and more. It was trucked from Ellisville to Scituate, the American hub of the Irish moss industry, to be processed.   

• With more use, Elllisville Harbor saw more silting in, and despite being protected by a barrier beach, periodic dredging began. 

Lobster boats moored along the Ellisville channel. Photo courtesy of Don Maricle, via Friends of Ellisville Marsh.

1900s 

• By 1900, several significant changes occurred. Plymouth and Cape Cod were becoming vacation destinations. While traditional uses continued until the mid-1900s, with the last lobstering and moss boats moving out in the early 1980s, summer visitors were increasingly attracted to the undeveloped barrier beaches. Overuse by off-road vehicles resulted in increased beach damage and littering, troubling the year-round residents. 

• In addition, the digging of the nearby Cape Cod Canal in the early 1900s changed the tidal patterns and expanded the barrier beach, often closing off the harbor outlet and increasing silting, thus requiring a breakwater. The harbor mouth moved 0.5 miles south. 

• The Ellisville Harbor area was designated an Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) by the Massachusetts Secretary of Environmental Affairs in 1980.   

• In 1991, an event that came to be known as the “Perfect Storm” closed the harbor outlet altogether, requiring the resumption of dredging. (This happened again in 2005.) 

• Also in 1991, the state purchased the Harlow property and created Ellisville Harbor State Park on the north side of the harbor. 

2000s      

• The south side of the marsh and harbor remained unprotected from development until 2003, when it was donated to Wildlands Trust and named the Shifting Lots Preserve. 

• Recognizing the importance of Ellisville harbor for nesting and the rearing of endangered birds and wildlife, regulations for preserve access and use were soon implemented. 

• In 2009, a History Channel documentary segment portraying the 1620 landing of the Pilgrims used Shifting Lots as one of its filming locations. 

Learn More: 

To learn more about the history, ecology, and importance of Shifting Lots and Ellisville Harbor, take time to visit and experience it for yourself. Also, see these resources: 

• Visit wildlandstrust.org/events to find a schedule of group hikes and volunteer opportunities at Shifting Lots and other Wildlands Trust preserves 

• Our property description at wildlandstrust.org/shifting-lots-preserve 

• The Friends of Ellisville Marsh at ellisvillemarsh.org 

• Rescuing Ellisville Marsh: The Long Fight to Restore Lost Connections by Eric P. Cody, founder of the Friends of Ellisville Marsh

• “Ellisville History” by Albert Marsh, 2020. Shared with permission from the Estate of Albert B. Marsh.

Protected: Picone Farm, Middleborough

Picone Farm in Middleborough. Video by Reel Quest Films. (Click the center arrow to play.)

By Scott MacFaden, Director of Land Protection

In a series of closings in late August, the effort to permanently protect the 190-acre Picone Farm in Middleborough finally reached its long-sought conclusion. The project involved the Town of Middleborough, the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR), Wildlands Trust, and the Hanover-based Greensmith Farm. 

Success wouldn’t have been possible without this diverse partnership that mobilized to secure the farm’s preservation. In December 2020, a 378-unit manufactured home development was proposed for the farm. Because the farm was enrolled in Chapter 61A, the Town had a Right of First Refusal on the property. This Right of First Refusal enabled the Town and its partners to devise the optimal preservation strategy, which proved to be dividing the farm into two halves: a “Town” component and a “farm” component. The Town of Middleborough acquired the Town component, and Greensmith Farm acquired the farm component. Wildlands will hold a Conservation Restriction (CR) on the Town component, and MDAR and the Town will hold an Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) on the farm component to ensure its permanent protection. 

As one of Middleborough’s largest and most significant remaining farmland tracts, Picone Farm had been a long-standing preservation priority for the Town and several of its open space partners. In addition to its extensive areas of prime farmland, the property includes approximately 6,000 feet of frontage on the Nemasket River. Juxtaposed with that river frontage are scenic rolling fields, a pond, several pockets of mature woodland, and a small stream that drains into the Nemasket. 

In the larger landscape context, Picone Farm was the largest remaining unprotected assemblage along the lower Nemasket River corridor north of Route 44 and one of the largest unprotected assemblages anywhere along the Nemasket’s 11.2-mile extent.  

The Town’s portion of the property will include community gardens and walking trails extending into the adjacent Town-owned Oliver Estate. The farm component will be privately owned and operated by Greensmith Farm, which plans to establish a farmstand offering agricultural products grown on site. 

Help us protect more of the special places of Southeastern Massachusetts: donate to Wildlands today.

Town of Avon Earns Grant to Expand D.W. Field Park

By Thomas Patti, Communications Coordinator

Local, regional, and state partners convened at D.W. Field Park to celebrate an award to expand the park.

Since its inception, Wildlands Trust’s D.W. Field Park Initiative has striven to revitalize the beloved open space in Brockton and Avon through education, outreach, planning, and restoration. Physical expansion was hardly on our radar; comprising 700 acres in the heart of our region’s most populous city, D.W. Field Park seemingly had little room to grow.

Yet less than two years into the Initiative, D.W. Field Park is set to receive a modest yet meaningful boost to its open space portfolio. On August 27, government officials and nonprofit partners convened at D.W. Field Park to celebrate the award of $1.5 million from the Massachusetts Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness (MVP) grant program to the Town of Avon for the purchase of 32 acres adjacent to the urban park. 

Wildlands President Karen Grey (left) speaks to the group.

Wildlands raised $450,000 in private funding to support the grant proposal, which will also expand our revitalization efforts of D.W. Field Park north and west of our current project area. The award will also fund another semester of partnership with the Conway School, from which two graduate students provided crucial design input last spring. 

“There are only two significant undeveloped open space assemblages contiguous with the park, and we were fortunate that one was owned by an individual who wanted to see his land become part of the park,” Wildlands President Karen Grey said. “The Town of Avon was a lead partner in putting together this exciting project.”  

The project awaits final approval from a town meeting later this fall. 

From left: Wildlands Communications Coordinator Thomas Patti, State Senator Michael Brady, Wildlands President Karen Grey, and Wildlands Director of Special Projects Rachel Bruce.

Thank you to Secretary Rebecca Tepper of the MA Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, City of Brockton Mayor Robert Sullivan, State Senator Michael D. Brady, State Representative Michelle DuBois, Town of Avon Selectman Eric Beckerman, and many others for voicing your support of this exciting new project! 

To learn more about our D.W. Field Park Initiative, visit wildlandstrust.org/dwfieldpark. 

Stay tuned for updates as this project and the larger D.W. Field Park Initiative march on.

Pat Loring and Lorrie Hall Honored

Lorrie Hall and Pat Loring.

On September 28, the Town of Duxbury honored Pat Loring and Lorrie Hall for their exceptional contributions to local and regional conservation.

About 30 municipal and nonprofit partners gathered at the Duxbury Senior Center to express their gratitude for Pat and Lorrie’s decades-long commitment to open space preservation. In Pat and Lorrie’s honor, commemorative benches will be installed at Historic O’Neil Farm.

Wildlands Trust has benefited greatly from the devotion of these two conservation champions. Pat, a Wildlands board member, has led Duxbury’s open space efforts for 30 years through roles with various local committees. Lorrie’s foresight and generosity facilitated the permanent protection of Hoyt-Hall Preserve in Marshfield, Historic O’Neil Farm in Duxbury, and other irreplaceable natural areas.

Never one to take credit for her many successes, Pat expressed gratitude for her conservation partners. “It takes all of us, and I’m so happy to be part of all of your teams,” she said. “It’s very nice to be honored, but we do it together, and it’s a fabulous town to be doing it in. So thank you.”

At the ceremony, Director of Field Operations Erik Boyer relayed comments from President Karen Grey and Director of Land Protection Scott MacFaden about Pat and Lorrie’s collective impact on the Wildlands mission. Read on to see what Karen and Scott had to say.

Karen Grey on Pat Loring

Wildlands Trust serves 55 towns in a vast 1,700-square-mile area of Southeastern Massachusetts that nearly one-third of the state’s residents call home. We advance our mission by working hand-in-glove with local conservation leaders who understand the open space objectives of their towns, grasp the political landscape, and are familiar with important landowners, who are often their friends and neighbors.

Pat Loring epitomizes the local leadership we rely upon to do our work. She is a true hero of land conservation in our region.

The conservation ethic in the town of Duxbury runs deep. As one of the first towns in Massachusetts to designate conservation land, Duxbury is stunning, with healthy forests, unspoiled barrier beaches, and bountiful salt marshes. Its natural beauty is the result of visionary leadership that worked to protect all that makes the town special. Over the past 30 years, Pat Loring has led that charge. She is responsible for the protection of cranberry bogs, forests, religious lands, coastal properties, and the town’s historic dairy farm. Her land preservation instincts and skills are second to none.

Click here to hear from Pat Loring herself as part of our “50 Years, 50 people” video series.

Pat Loring and Erik Boyer.

Scott MacFaden on Lorrie Hall

As a nonprofit organization, Wildlands Trust’s success in pursuing our land conservation mission is heavily dependent upon the generosity of those who financially support our work. Duxbury resident Lorrie Hall is one of those donors who have made an indelible contribution to our work and to her community of Duxbury.

Lorrie’s philanthropy is a continuation of a cherished family tradition. Among other interests, her parents were ardent supporters of the Duxbury Bay Maritime School, a Duxbury institution that thrives to this day. Lorrie learned early on that all philanthropy is valuable, but local philanthropy can often witness the most tangible results.

Lorrie’s profound commitment to the betterment of her community through open space preservation is manifested across the Duxbury landscape. Most particularly, Lorrie was an early and enthusiastic supporter of the Historic O’Neil Farm preservation project, which culminated in the permanent preservation of Duxbury’s last dairy farm, and one of the town’s most significant open space assemblages. Lorrie’s substantial commitment provided the nascent project with a vital fundraising base, and just as importantly, credibility. Without Lorrie’s initial leadership, it is very unlikely that O’Neil Farm would today benefit from permanent conservation protection.

In a time when Americans seem more rootless than ever and nurturing community connections is yet more challenging, Lorrie stands out for her unwavering belief in and support for her community of Duxbury. She has provided a bright shining example for others to emulate in the years ahead.

Erik Boyer addresses ceremony attendees.

Thank you, Pat and Lorrie, for your selfless dedication to land conservation in Duxbury and beyond! We are grateful to have you on our team, and excited to continue working with you both!

Crystal Spring Preserve is Open!

By Thomas Patti, Communications Coordinator

Crystal Spring Preserve in Plainville.

Crystal Spring Preserve, our first property in Plainville, is officially OPEN! 

Wildlands Trust’s acquisition of this special place came in late 2022 after a 20-year partnership with the land’s previous caretakers, the Crystal Spring Center for Ecology, Spirituality, and Earth Education. Learn more about the preserve’s rich human and natural history at our property webpage here. 

TRAIL MAP AND PROPERTY DESCRIPTION: CLICK HERE 

Crystal Spring Preserve.

Preparing the property for public access took the sustained effort of our extended stewardship team, including staff and faithful volunteers. Between February and May, three volunteer workdays moved the preserve incrementally closer to its current accessible state. Thank you to all the volunteers who came out to help us take this huge step in expanding our regional land conservation portfolio! 

As is the case for many of our properties, “stewardship” at Crystal Spring Preserve goes far beyond clearing trails and removing debris. In addition, we are entrusted with less tangible, though equally critical, resources—a story we hope to carry on, and a vision we strive to sustain. Sister Barbara Harrington, Sister Chris Loughlin, and the entire Crystal Spring Center team saw the property as a place for both children and adults to get in touch with their spiritual connection to nature. Evidence of this philosophy can be found throughout the preserve, as well as in the passionate words of all who engaged with the Crystal Spring Center. Preserving these stories is paramount to our effective stewardship of the land. 

Volunteers at our April workday explore the Meditation Circle, a former education site of the Crystal Spring Center for Ecology, Spirituality, and Earth Education.

“[The Crystal Spring Center] invited Wildlands Trust into a dream,” said Sister Barbara. “It became a mutually enhancing relationship. We then became part of your dream, too. And something new and really quite wonderful has ensued.” (Watch Sister Barbara and Kathy McGrath speak about Crystal Spring Preserve for our 50 Years, 50 People series here.) 

During our April volunteer day, the stewardship team came across several trail signs from the property’s Crystal Spring Center era. After sitting on the forest floor for years, these painted wooden planks and stumps had seen better days. But the care and devotion that had been spent on their production were instantly clear. “Insects have searched for sacred spaces on Earth for 395 million years,” reads one sign adorned with ants, bees, and butterflies. The Wildlands team brought these signs back to our Plymouth headquarters to restore them to their former glory before returning them to the Crystal Spring trails. 

Sister Barbara Harrington (fourth from right) and the Wildlands stewardship team display well-worn trail signs at Crystal Spring Preserve.

This project and others will help us uphold our obligation to holistically preserve the land—trees, ponds, stories, and signs alike. Stay tuned for updates. 

See you on the trails!